TOELW

Introduction

Introduction

1. What is a Voluntary Work

2. Deadline 

3. How to Prepare a Paper

4. How to Choose a Topic

What is a Voluntary Work.

A voluntary work is a further exercise for the students. Each student must do a voluntary work during the course time before the term ends. They are in fact voluntary to choose not voluntary to do. Then they must do what the topic requires and submit the work before deadline.

How to Prepare a Paper

Papers must be typed and printed. A paper must consist of at least three parts. 1. a title page which contains information about the subject matter (the title of the chapter of the book that the topic is related to), the topic, student's name, and the date. It must be typed in bold faced letters and lines aligned centre (see the sample below); 2. a body whose length depends upon the topic, and 3. a reference page with the word reference printed at the top. The papers need not to be put in a cover. It should simply be stapled in the top left hand margin.

chapetr 25 Eight Causes of Language Change     Obsolete Meanings     a Voluntary Work by   student Name     Date

a sample title page

How to Choose a Topic

Before doing a choice, students should study the suggested topics carefully to find out if they are interested in. Then, having made a choice, they should refer to the teacher to understand the detailed requirements of the topic. During their doing the work the teacher will be always available to give them necessary consults and instructions. This is to guarantee their work success.

Topics

Linguistics 1

1. Borrowing in Language 

Linguistics 2

1. Obsolete Meanings 

2. Subordinate Bilingualism

Topic: Subordinate Bilingualism: L2-VW/C26/E5/p476

In communities which use two or more languages, one or the other language will often be favoured in each of the different linguistic domains of home, school, religious institute (i.e. mosques or churches), neighbourhood, region, and nation. Such inequalities of use can result in subordinate bilingualism.

Consider a multilingual setting which you are a member of or familiar with. Provide a diagram like that of figure 26.2 (Hudson p. 455) illustrating the way the languages are used in each linguistic domain, appended with an essay of particulars and details concerning your relation to the setting and the evidence for your claims. You will probably have to research in the community and/or interview people knowledgeable about or members of the setting you study.

Further Topics Suggested for Voluntary Works

Topic: Obsolete Meanings:  L2-VW/C24/E5/p429

In all languages there are words which are fading from recent speech as things or ideas they refer to disappear from use.

Find at least 20 such words from your first language which you think are obsolete or likely to become so. Explain why you think the words are or might soon become obsolete. (cf. Hudson p. 423 and p. 429)

Further Topics Suggested for Voluntary Works

Topic: Borrowing in Language:  (L1-VW/C15/E6/p253)

English has words it has borrowed from many languages. Use a good etymological dictionary and find words (about 20) that are borrowed from your native language into English. List the words stating the date given about their first occurrence in English. Sometimes a word from your native language may have entered through another language, if so refer to the medium(s) in a separate column.

LTRE 3718

Schedule: 9:45-11:15 a.m. (revisions guaranteed)

LING 2; 3717

Schedule: 11:30–13:00 (revisions guaranteed)

Sessions	Tasks	Date/Time
1	¨SENTENCES & SYNTAX. The Nature of Syntax and Syntactic Structure. Unboundedness of Syntax. Three Aspects of Syntax. Read: Ch 6.                       Homework: Practices 1-6 on pp. 99-103.	Sun., 18 Feb. 07
2	¨PSR’s. Formal Grammar and Syntactic Functions. (How Do PSR’s Represent the Three Aspects of Linguistic Structure?) Syntactic Categories of Verbs.  Read: Ch 7.                       Homework: Practices 1- 5 on pp. 114-118. Voluntary work: Practice 6 on p. 118.	Sun., 25 Feb. 07
3	¨SENTENCE MEANING. Compositional vs. Noncompositional Meaning. Discontinuous Constituents. Semantic Roles. Verb Classes According to Semantic Roles. Read: Ch 17.                      Homework: Practices 1- 3 on pp. 287-89.	Sun., 4 Mar. 07
4	¨Checking Students’ Homework and Voluntary Works. Attending to Students’ Need for Further Clarification of the Topics Discussed So Far.	Sun., 11 Mar. 07
5	Holiday: The anniversary of the holy Prophet’s decease	Sun., 18 Mar. 07
6	The New Year Holiday	Sun., 25 Mar. 07
7	The New Year Holiday	Sun., 1 Apr. 07
8	¨SENTENCE FORMS. Paraphrases. Deep and Surface Structures. Transformations. Read: Ch 18.                     Homework: Practices 1- 5 on pp. 305-310. Voluntary work: Practice 6 on p. 310.	Sun., 8 Apr. 07
9	¨PRAGMATICS. The 5 Sorts of Language Requiring Pragmatic Inference. Principles of Conversation. Read: Ch 19.                     Homework: Practices 1- 6 on pp. 326-330.	Sun., 15 Apr. 07
10	¨THE UNITY OF LANGUAGES. How and to What Extent are Languages the Same? Language Universals. Read: Ch 20.                     Homework: Practices 4, 5 on p. 349. Voluntary work: Practice 1 on p. 346.	Sun., 22 Apr. 07
11	¨THREE CHARACTERISTICS OF LANGUAGE CHANGE. Constancy, Pervasiveness and Systematicness. Read: Ch 23.                     Homework: Practices 1-3, 6 on pp. 406-410. Voluntary work: Practices 4 or 5 on p. 409.	Sun., 29 Apr. 07
12	¨EIGHT CAUSES OF LANGUAGE CHANGE. (Why do Languages Change?) Read: Ch 24.                     Homework: Practices 1-5 on pp. 427-429. Voluntary work: Choose one with a related subject matter on the teacher’s weblog: www.toelw.blogfa.com.	Sun., 6 May 07
13	¨LANGUAGE FAMILIES. Classification of Languages into Descent Groups, or Families. Methods of Historical Linguistics. Read: Ch 25.                     Homework: Practices 1, 4, 5 on pp. 447-451. Voluntary work: Practices 2 or 3 on pp. 448-450.	Sun., 13 May 07
14	¨DIALECTS AND OTHER SOCIOLECTS. Dimensions of Language Variation. Variation in Time. The 7 Sociolects. Read: Ch 26.                     Homework: Practices 2, 4 on pp. 469-470. Voluntary work: Choose one with a related subject matter on the teacher’s weblog: www.toelw.blogfa.com.	Sun., 20 May 07
15	¨REGISTER. Linguistic Features of Register. Non-linguistic Factors Influencing Register. Read: Ch 27.                     Homework: Practices 1-6 on pp. 483-87. Do 5 & 6 on your native language, regarding the characteristics of your native linguistic community. Voluntary work: Practice 7 on pp. 487-89	Sun., 27 May 07
16	¨Checking Students’ Homework and Voluntary Works. Attending to Students’ Need for Further Clarification of the Topics Discussed So Far.	Sun., 3 Jun. 07
17	Final Examination Based on ALL THE CHAPTERS Discussed.	Sun., 24 Jun. 07 (10:00 a.m.)

LTRE 3723

Schedule: 13:30–15:00 (revisions guaranteed)